Congenital loss of innervation to the extra-ocular muscles (EOMs) can have a profound effect on the target muscle. This has been well recognised in Duane's retraction syndrome. However, it has been ...

When assessing a patient with acute-onset diplopia, it is important to evaluate three ocular structures: the lids, the pupil, and the extraocular muscles. Diplopia accompanied by unilateral ptosis ...

The following text summarizes information provided in the video. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for many functions, including movement and ...

This patient presented with an inability to elevate the left eye on adduction, the characteristic finding of Brown syndrome. In this syndrome, structural abnormalities involving the superior oblique ...

DISTURBANCES of eye movements frequently confront the physician with puzzling diagnostic problems. First of all, the examiner must determine whether the abnormal function of eye muscles is the result ...

A unique type of muscle fiber found in the extraocular muscles has been shown to be resistant against the disease ALS, and has been shown to even increase in proportion to compensate when other types ...

Cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. Each nerve has a corresponding roman numeral between i and xii. Your cranial nerves are ...

There are 12 cranial nerves in the body, all originating in the brain. They come in pairs and connect different body areas and organs to the brain. Cranial nerves can transmit two types of information ...

The trigeminal nerve is a cranial nerve. It arises from the brainstem, and its branches cover your face and head. The trigeminal nerve is a paired nerve — you have one on each side. Its chief function ...

The hypoglossal nerve is one of the 12 cranial nerves arising from the brain. It's a paired nerve, and you have two — left and right. Together, the two hypoglossal nerves control the muscles of the ...