Mark Messina is the CEO of Addverb USA, a company that solves complex fulfillment challenges through robotics and automation solutions. Vertical integration is a business strategy where the business ...

COVID-19 brought challenges to supply chains that many thought could never happen. Just in time (JIT) supply chain models were crushed when boats stopped sailing, truckers stopped driving, and ...

Discover how Apple Inc. and Carnegie Steel Co. leveraged backward integration to control supply chains and enhance efficiency in this detailed guide.

Since its modest beginnings in a California garage in 1976, Apple Inc. has aimed to “Think Different” not only about its products but about something equally important: its supply chain. While ...

Vilsa Curto ([email protected]), Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Anna D. Sinaiko, Harvard University. Meredith B. Rosenthal, Harvard University. Alongside recent increases in ownership, ...

In recent years direct ownership of physician practices by hospitals and health systems (that is, vertical integration) has become a prominent feature of the US health care system. One unexplored ...