Soil respiration is a significant indicator for estimating the terrestrial carbon budget under climate change. It is the second-largest source of carbon emissions to the atmosphere from the ...

Human water regulation, groundwater lateral flow and the movement of soil frost and thaw fronts affect water and thermal processes, as well as energy and water exchanges between the land surface and ...

What are freeze thaw cycles? Although the northern United States is famous — or infamous — for extreme cold in winter, the weather is not uniformly frigid from December to April. Throughout the season ...