Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were (1) overhead athletes from Olympic or college sports, (2) preseason measures of shoulder ROM, (3) tracked in-season injuries at the shoulder and elbow, and ...

Background Assessment of shoulder mobility is essential for diagnosis and clinical follow-up of shoulder diseases. Only a few highly sophisticated instruments for objective measurements of shoulder ...

Your shoulders have the ability to move more than most joints. Your shoulder range of motion is, basically, how far you can move each shoulder in different directions without major joint pain or other ...

Passive range of motion refers to range of motion when somebody or something else, such as a therapist or machine, is moving a body part or a joint, rather than the person themselves. Range of motion ...

The quality of calibration was evaluated by special software (MiRA®, Figure 3). The registered course of movement was visualized by two-dimensional (2D) graphs. Another option to evaluate the quality ...