IN 1955 Benirschke and Brown 1 reported extensively on the occurrence of congenital anomalies in association with the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries. This study, together with previous ...

Background A 54-year-old nondiabetic male presented with high fever, vague lower abdominal pain and leakage of urine around his long-standing suprapubic catheter. Examination revealed pyrexia and ...

Intravenous pyelogram Excellent visualization of May miss bladder lesions; the kidney, collecting system nephrotoxicity and ureter Cystoscopy Best way to examine the Invasive, uncomfortable and expen ...

Retrograde pyelography is a procedure commonly used by urologists involving X-ray imaging to visualize the kidneys, bladder and ureters. It involves the insertion of a cystoscope into the urinary ...