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Scientists believe the beginning of time included the ingredients of atoms, protons, and neutrons, dubbed quarks. At the start of the universe, some believe the quarks floated in a fluid with gluon ...

Very soon after the Big Bang, the universe enjoyed a brief phase where quarks and gluons roamed freely, not yet joined up into hadrons such as protons, neutrons and mesons. This state, called a ...

Using high-speed collisions between gold atoms, scientists think they have re-created one of the most mysterious forms of matter in the universe — quark-gluon plasma. This form of matter was present ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...

Nuclear physicists studying particle collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have new evidence that particles called gluons reach a steady 'saturated' state inside the speeding ions.

A new analysis of data from the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) reveals fresh evidence that collisions of even very small nuclei with large ones might create tiny ...