In this first memo, we want to briefly discuss a number of the more pressing issues on our mind, namely: the evolution of the global monetary system, the excessive amount of debt around the world, and ...

Discover how currency unions impact global economies, their historical development, and the critiques they face. Learn about ...

Compare barter and currency systems. Discover why currency dominates modern trade and explore the evolution of digital ...

In an era dominated by digital innovation, the concept of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is emerging as a groundbreaking evolution in the financial sector. Unlike traditional forms of money, ...

Money as a concept has been a cornerstone of human civilization and economic development. To start with the latter, money is a method of storing value and worth, and it also functions as a medium of ...

This model may define the next generation of global finance, shaped by digital adoption, institutional evolution and ...

Keynote speech by Philip R. Lane, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Danish Economic Society ConferenceI am grateful to the Danish ...